Chapter 4a-Types of
VolcanismCochise College
Physical Geology Links
Virtual Geology Museum
Educational Resources
Geology Home Page
Roger Weller, geology instructor
wellerr@cochise.edu
copyright 2007-R.Weller
Chapter 4a-Types of
Volcanism
links
last edited:
10/31/07
Also visit the Cochise College
Physical
Geology Illustrated Vocabulary
aa lava
http://www.volcanolive.com/aa.html
http://volcanophoto.com/non/f/f04.html
http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Products/Pglossary/aa.html
ash
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Glossary/Tephra/description_tephra.html
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Photo/Pictograms/volcanic_ash.html
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Imgs/Gif/Hazards/Tephra/tephra_diagram.gif
http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~leeman/YNPashcomp.jpg
http://www.volcanolive.com/ash1.html
http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Hazards/What/Tephra/tephra.html
http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Products/Pglossary/ash.html
http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/vwdocs/frequent_questions/grp12/question556.html
calderas
http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/vwdocs/Parks/kilauea/part1.html
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Glossary/Caldera/framework.html
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Glossary/Caldera/description_caldera.html
http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/vwdocs/frequent_questions/grp13/question1006.html
http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Products/Pglossary/caldera.html
causes of volcanism
http://www.michaelmandeville.com/polarmotion/spinaxis/vortex_correlations2.htm
http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/vwdocs/frequent_questions/grp12/question687.html
cinder cone
http://www.educ.uvic.ca/faculty/mroth/438/VOLCANO/cinder.html
http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/vwdocs/hawaii_review/small_struct/vents/cinder_cones.html
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Glossary/CinderCone/description_cinder_cone.html
http://lvo.wr.usgs.gov/gallery/CinderCones_1.html
http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Products/Pglossary/CinderCone.html
http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/volc/types.html
http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~leeman/strato.mov
cinder cone-Mt. Capulin, New Mexico
http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/vwdocs/volc_images/north_america/capulin.html
http://www.cyberwest.com/cw03/v3adwst2.html
http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/vwdocs/Parks/capulin/Capulin.html
cinder cone-Paricutin, Mexico
http://www.cnn.com/TRAVEL/DESTINATIONS/9711/natural.wonders/paricutin.html
http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/vwdocs/volc_tour/mex/10Paricutin.html
http://www.mexconnect.com/mex_/travel/ldumois/ldcparicutin.html
http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/vwdocs/volc_images/img_paricutin.html
http://www.geology.sdsu.edu/how_volcanoes_work/Paricutin.html
cinder cone-Sunset Crater, Arizona
http://www.americansouthwest.net/arizona/sunset_crater_volcano/national_monument.html
http://wrgis.wr.usgs.gov/docs/usgsnps/sunset/index.html
http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/vwdocs/volc_images/img_sunset.html
chemical composition of magma
http://ijolite.geology.uiuc.edu/01FallClass/geo100/Lectures/SM_lecture21.html
http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/vwdocs/frequent_questions/grp10/question3440.html
http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/vwdocs/vwlessons/kilauea.html
http://www.earth.northwestern.edu/people/seth/107/Rocks/viscoserup.htm
http://volcano.und.edu/vwdocs/frequent_questions/grp1/question2084.html
http://www.geology.sdsu.edu/how_volcanoes_work/Controls.html
columnar jointing
http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/vwdocs/vw_hyperexchange/col_joint.html
http://geoimages.berkeley.edu/GeoImages/Johnson/Landforms/Rocks/ColumnarJointing01.html
http://geoimages.berkeley.edu/GeoImages/Johnson/Landforms/Rocks/ColumnarJointing02.html
http://www.gi.alaska.edu/ScienceForum/ASF6/683.html
http://www.interknowledge.com/northern-ireland/ukiant01.htm
http://www.webpages.uidaho.edu/~mgunter/geol101/field/stop_2.html
columnar jointing-Columbia Plateau
composite volcano
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Glossary/StratoVolcano/framework.html
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Glossary/StratoVolcano/description_composite_volcano.html
composite volcano-Andes Mountains, South America
http://www.factmonster.com/ce6/world/A0856608.html
http://www.andes.org.uk/andes-information-files/andes-volcanoes-photos.htm
http://www.news.cornell.edu/Chronicle/00/2.3.00/Andes_Project.html
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2002/07/0710_020710_volcano.html
http://volcano.space.edu/cvz/volcindx.html
composite volcano-Cascade Mountains, Pacific Northwest, USA
http://landru.i-link-2.net/shnyves/volcanos.html
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Volcanoes/Cascades/EruptiveHistory/cascades_eruptions_4000yrs.html
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Volcanoes/Cascades/Hazards/ash_accumulation_10cm.html
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Volcanoes/Cascades/ImageMaps/CascadeRange/cascade_range.html
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Volcanoes/Cascades/Hazards/tephra_plot_distance.html
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Volcanoes/Cascades/volcanoes_cascade_range.html
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Volcanoes/Cascades/volcanoes_cascade_range.html
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Volcanoes/McLoughlin/description_mcloughlin.html
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Glossary/PlateTectonics/Maps/map_plate_tectonics_cascades.html
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Volcanoes/Rainier/Graphics/framework2.html
http://www.volcanolive.com/cascades6.html
http://wrgis.wr.usgs.gov/docs/usgsnps/province/cascade1.html
composite volcano-Mt. Ararat, Turkey
http://www.everestnews.com/ararat.htm
http://www.geocities.com/Yosemite/1015/gara.htm
http://www.great-adventures.com/know/deals/turkey-mtararat.html
http://www.kesit.com/Uk/hikingprograms/ararat.htm
http://www.volcanolive.com/ararat.html
http://www.sacredsites.com/middle_east/turkey/ararat.htm
debris flow avalanches
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Volcanoes/Rainier/Publications/HA-729/framework.html
flood basalt-Columbia Plateau, USA
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Volcanoes/PacificNW/AGU-T106/columbia_river_basalt_group.html
http://volcano.und.edu/vwdocs/volc_images/north_america/crb.html
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Volcanoes/ColumbiaPlateau/framework.html
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Volcanoes/ColumbiaPlateau/description_columbia_plateau.html
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Volcanoes/ColumbiaPlateau/Maps/map_columbia_plateau.html
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Volcanoes/PacificNW/AGU-T106/CRBG_stratigraphic.html
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Glossary/LavaPlateaus/description_lava_plateaus.html
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Volcanoes/WesternUSA/Circular838/SwansonWright/framework.html
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Volcanoes/ColumbiaPlateau/description_columbia_plateau.html
http://www.tinynet.com/basalt.html
flood basalt-Deccan Plateau, India
http://www.mantleplumes.org/Deccan.html
http://www.science-frontiers.com/sf061/sf061g10.htm
http://www.tourism-of-india.com/deccan-pleatu.html
flood basalt-Eastern USA
http://www.auburn.edu/academic/science_math/res_area/geology/camp/1996paper.html
http://www.colby.edu/geology/Hartford.html
http://www-rci.rutgers.edu/~schlisch/duration.html
http://people.hofstra.edu/faculty/j_b_bennington/6notes/triassicjurassic.html
http://palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/Palaeofiles/Triassic/vulc.htm
http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~polsen/nbcp/lexiconnewark.html
flood basalt-lunar maria
http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/vwdocs/planet_volcano/lunar/mare/mlm.html
http://www.psrd.hawaii.edu/June00/lunarMaria.html
http://www.geology.sdsu.edu/how_volcanoes_work/moon.html
flood basalt-overview lectures
http://www.geokem.com/flood-basalts.html
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Volcanoes/Idaho/framework.html
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Glossary/LavaPlateaus/framework.html
http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/vwdocs/vwlessons/volcano_types/flood.htm
flood basalts-Siberian traps
http://www.geotimes.org/aug02/NN_volcanism.html
http://www.rochester.edu/pr/releases/ear/basu2.htm
http://palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/Palaeofiles/Permian/Map.html
http://palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/Palaeofiles/Permian/SiberianTraps.html
flood basalt-Snake River Plain, USA
http://imnh.isu.edu/digitalatlas/counties/payette/geomap.htm
http://imnh.isu.edu/digitalatlas/geo/snkrvpln/basalt/srpbslt.htm
http://volcano.und.edu/vwdocs/volc_images/north_america/yellowstone.html
http://id.water.usgs.gov/nawqa/factsheets/LOW.165.html
flood basalt-Venus
http://www6.uniovi.es/solar/cap/venus/flowfld2.htm
http://www6.uniovi.es/solar/r/venus/flowfld2.gif
http://zebu.uoregon.edu/~js/ast121/lectures/surface_venus.html
http://www.dec.pg.gda.pl/10244/solar_sys/venus.htm
http://www.geology.sdsu.edu/how_volcanoes_work/venus.html
fumarole
http://www.volcanolive.com/acidfumarole.html
http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/vwdocs/volc_images/img_fumarole.html
http://lvo.wr.usgs.gov/helium.html
http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Products/Pglossary/fumarole.html
http://www.virtualguidebooks.com/Wyoming/Yellowstone/MudVolcanoArea/ParkingLotFumarole.html
http://www.virtualguidebooks.com/Wyoming/Yellowstone/WestThumbGeyserBasin/WestThumbOverview.html
hot spot volcanism
http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~leeman/hot_spot2.gif
http://volcano.und.edu/vwdocs/vwlessons/hot_spots/introduction.html
http://pubs.usgs.gov/publications/text/hotspots.html
http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~leeman/hawempchain.jpg
http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/volcanoes/vlocation2.html
igneous rocks
igneous rocks-Wards rock collection
island arc
http://www.stvincent.ac.uk/Resources/EarthSci/Tectonics/destructive.html
http://www.em.gov.bc.ca/Mining/Geolsurv/MetallicMinerals/metallogeny/L98_Abstract_Hora.HTM
http://www.le.ac.uk/geology/art/gl209/lecture6/lect6-11.html
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/geology/tecmech.html
http://pubs.usgs.gov/publications/text/understanding.html
http://www.utdallas.edu/~pujana/oceans/island.html
lahar
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Volcanoes/Philippines/Pinatubo/framework.html
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Glossary/Lahars/framework.html
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Volcanoes/Colombia/Ruiz/framework.html
http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Products/Pglossary/lahar.html
lapilli
http://www.volcanolive.com/accretionary.html
http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/vwdocs/vwlessons/tephra/part4.html
http://www.volcanolive.com/lapilli.html
http://www.educeth.ch/stromboli/glossary/lapilli-en.html
http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Products/Pglossary/lapilli.html
lava flow
http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Products/Pglossary/LavaFlow.html
lava fountain
http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Imgs/Jpg/Tephra/dds24-112_caption.html
http://www.educeth.ch/stromboli/glossary/lavafountain-en.html
http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Products/Pglossary/LavaFountain.html
http://www.decadevolcano.net/photos/keywords/lava_fountain.htm
lava lake
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Glossary/LavaLakes/framework.html
http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/vwdocs/HawaiiQuest/gen_hawaii_volcs/question13.html
http://www.solarviews.com/cap/volc/lavalake.htm
http://www.volcanolive.com/lavalake.html
http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Products/Pglossary/LavaLake.html
lava tube
http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Products/Pglossary/LavaTube.html
maar
http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/vwdocs/volc_images/north_america/coliseum_maar.html
http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/vwdocs/volc_images/southeast_asia/indonesia/gamalama.html
http://www.otago.ac.nz/geology/staff/jdlw/hopibuttes.htm
http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Products/Pglossary/maar.html
http://www.geology.sdsu.edu/how_volcanoes_work/Nyos.html
http://members.iinet.net.au/~boxer/WesternDistrict.htm
magma vs. lava
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Glossary/LavaFlows/description_lava_flows.html
http://www.msdwc.k12.in.us/quest/fifth2003/stoffel/lavamagm.htm
http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Products/Pglossary/magma.html
http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Products/Pglossary/lava.html
http://www.terrax.org/projects/earth/volcano/magma.aspx
nuees ardentes eruptions
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Volcanoes/WestIndies/Pelee/framework.html
http://www.ac.wwu.edu/~debari/309/lec17.html
http://library.thinkquest.org/17457/volcanoes/hazards.nuee.php?tqskip1=1
http://www.gi.alaska.edu/ScienceForum/ASF3/390.html
http://dominicapsn.freeyellow.com/Hazards/Pyroclastic%20Flows.html
http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/vwdocs/frequent_questions/grp9/question2355.html
overview lectures on volcanism
http://www.geosc.psu.edu/~engelder/geosc20/lect24.html
http://www.geology.sdsu.edu/how_volcanoes_work/Volcano_types.html
pahoehoe lava
http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/vwdocs/Parks/hawaii/hazards/pahoe.html
http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/vwdocs/volc_tour/hawaii/030.html
http://www.solarviews.com/cap/volc/pahoe1.htm
http://geoimages.berkeley.edu/GeoImages/Johnson/Landforms/Rocks/Pahoehoe01.html
http://www.goodearthgraphics.com/virtual_tube/pahoehoe.html
http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Products/Pglossary/pahoehoe.html
http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Products/Pglossary/pahoehoe_ropy.html
photos of volcanoes
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Photo/framework.html
http://www.avo.alaska.edu/allphoto.html
http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/radar/sircxsar/volcanoes.html
http://planetscapes.com/solar/eng/tervolc.htm
phreatic eruption
http://www.geo.mtu.edu/volcanoes/tacana/eruption3.html
http://www.educeth.ch/stromboli/glossary/phreatic-en.html
http://www.volcanolive.com/phreatic.html
http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Products/Pglossary/HydroVolcEruption.html
http://www.geo.utexas.edu/faculty/barker/kempter/eruption.html
http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/vwdocs/frequent_questions/grp9/question4314.html
pillow lava
http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/GG/HCV/loihipillows.jpg
http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/vwdocs/vwlessons/lava/part1.html
http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/vwdocs/vwlessons/lava/part5.html
http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Products/Pglossary/PillowLava.html
pyroclastics
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Glossary/PyroFlows/description_pyro_flows.html
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Glossary/VolcanicBlasts/description_volcanic_blasts.html
resurgent caldera-Long Valley Caldera, California
Valles Caldera
Geologic Maps -Cochise College
http://lvo.wr.usgs.gov/Observatory.html
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Volcanoes/LongValley/Maps/map_long_valley.html
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Volcanoes/LongValley/Graphics/schematic_long_valley_caldera.html
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Volcanoes/LongValley/VisitVolcano/framework.html
http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/vwdocs/volc_images/north_america/california/long_valley.html
http://lvo.wr.usgs.gov/gallery/index.html
http://quake.wr.usgs.gov/recenteqs/Maps/Long_Valley.html
http://www.agiweb.org/gap/legis106/vallescaldera.html
http://www.iki.rssi.ru/solar/eng/valles.htm
http://ve.ou.edu/weaver/votw/valles.htm
http://homepage.mac.com/davidneal/Geology.html
http://museums.state.nm.us/nmmnh/volcano/volcano.html
resurgent caldera-overview lectures
http://www.geo.ua.edu/volcanology/lecture_notes_files/cauldrons.html
http://www.esc.cam.ac.uk/~bgm21/lapacana.htm
http://news-service.stanford.edu/news/1999/january6/magma16.html
http://volcano.und.edu/vwdocs/vwlessons/volcano_types/caldera.htm
http://www.geology.sdsu.edu/how_volcanoes_work/Calderas.html
resurgent caldera-Turkey Creek Caldera, Chirichuas, Arizona
http://pubs.usgs.gov/publications/1998-04/thematic.shtml
http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/vwdocs/frequent_questions/grp7/north_america/question1605.html
http://geology.asu.edu/volc/az_volcs/chiricahua.html
http://mountainjournals.home.att.net/chiricahua.htm
http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/vwdocs/Parks/chiricahua/chiricahua.html
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Volcanoes/Arizona/description_arizona_volcanoes.html
Ring of Fire
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/136248.stm
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Glossary/PlateTectonics/Maps/map_plate_tectonics_world.html
http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/vwdocs/volc_images/volc_images.html
http://www.crystalinks.com/rof.html
http://pubs.usgs.gov/publications/text/fire.html
http://www.pbs.org/wnet/savageearth/hellscrust/html/sidebar3.html
http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/vwdocs/frequent_questions/top_101/Volcanoes/Volcanoes7.html
scoria
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Glossary/Tephra/description_tephra.html
http://www.saltthesandbox.org/rocks/scoriabasalt.htm
http://www.fi.edu/fellows/fellow1/oct98/expert/scoria.htm
http://www.geology.sdsu.edu/how_volcanoes_work/Thumblinks/scoria_page.html
http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Products/Pglossary/scoria.html
http://www.geology.sdsu.edu/how_volcanoes_work/scoriacone_page.html
http://www.geolab.unc.edu/Petunia/IgMetAtlas/volcanic-micro/scoria.X.html
shield volcano-Galapagos Islands
http://www.geo.cornell.edu/geology/Galapagos.html
http://www.galapagosonline.com/Galapagos_Natural_History/Geology/Geology.html
http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/vwdocs/volc_tour/galapagos/wlf_ph1.html
http://www.pbs.org/safarchive/5_cool/galapagos/g22_geo.html
http://www.rutahsa.com/gal-orig.html
shield volcano-Hawaii
http://www.und.edu/instruct/eng/fkarner/pages/island.htm
http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/mauna_loa/shade.html
http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/GG/HCV/maunaloa.html
http://www.csun.edu/geology/Class_Notes/ES300/300shieldvolc.html
shield volcano-Olympus Mons, Mars
http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap970915.html
http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap981019.html
http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/mep/science/olympus_mons.html
http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/vwdocs/planet_volcano/mars/Shields/Overview.html
http://www.solarviews.com/eng/marsvolc.htm
http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/vwdocs/planet_volcano/mars/Shields/oly_mons_orbit.html
http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/vwdocs/planet_volcano/mars/Shields/size.html
shield volcano-overview lectures
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Glossary/ShieldVolcano/description_shield_volcano.html
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Photo/Pictograms/shield_strato_volcanoes.html
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Glossary/ShieldVolcano/framework.html
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Imgs/Gif/VolcanoTypes/shield_vs_composite.gif
http://volcano.und.edu/vwdocs/vwlessons/volcano_types/shield.htm
http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Products/Pglossary/ShieldVolcano.html
http://www.geology.sdsu.edu/how_volcanoes_work/shieldvolc_page.html
size of volcanic eruptions
http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/vwdocs/eruption_scale.html
spatter cone
http://www.casdn.neu.edu/~geology/department/staff/colgan/iceland/spatter.htm
http://www.casdn.neu.edu/~geology/department/staff/colgan/iceland/veidivotn/36727_25.htm
http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Products/Pglossary/SpatConeRamp.html
http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Products/Pglossary/SpatterCone.html
http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Products/Pglossary/SpatCinCone.html
http://home.arcor.de/carrie.stendel/RESEARCH/cin-spatter.html
stratovolcano
http://www.educeth.ch/stromboli/glossary/stratovolcano-en.html
http://www.volcanolive.com/stratovolcano.html
http://volcano.und.edu/vwdocs/vwlessons/volcano_types/strato.htm
http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Products/Pglossary/stratovolcano.html
types of volcanism
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Glossary/VolcanoTypes/framework.html
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Glossary/VolcanoTypes/volcano_types_quick_reference.html
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Glossary/VolcanoTypes/volcano_types.html
http://www.geol.binghamton.edu/faculty/naslund/205.lec2.html
http://www.history-magazine.com/volcanoes.html
http://volcano.und.edu/vwdocs/vwlessons/volcano_types/type_can.htm
http://enterprise.cc.uakron.edu/geology/natscigeo/Lectures/igneous/volcano2.htm
underwater volcanism
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Glossary/PlateTectonics/Maps/map_juan_de_fuca_ridge.html
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Glossary/SubmarineVolcano/description_submarine_volcano.html
http://volcano.und.edu/vwdocs/vwlessons/volcano_types/spread.htm
volcanic bomb
http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Products/Pglossary/bomb.html
http://www.volcanolive.com/bombpit.html
http://www.geo.wvu.edu/~wilson/geol1/lec9a/lec9a11.htm
http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/vwdocs/frequent_questions/grp8/question1071.html
http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Products/Pglossary/breadcrust.html
volcanic domes
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Glossary/Domes/images.html
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Glossary/Domes/description_lava_dome.html
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Photo/Pictograms/msh_dome_size.html
http://www.geo.ua.edu/volcanology/lecture_notes_files/external_features_of_do.html
http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Products/Pglossary/LavaDome.html
http://www.geo.mtu.edu/volcanoes/tacana/voldomes.html
http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/geol204/volclandforms.htm
http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/volc/types.html
volcanic fields
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Volcanoes/California/Coso/framework.html
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Volcanoes/Washington/IndianHeaven/framework.html
http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/vwdocs/volc_images/africa/nyos.html
http://volcano.und.edu/vwdocs/vwlessons/volcano_types/mono.htm
http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/vwdocs/volc_images/north_america/arizona/navajo.html
volcanic gas
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Glossary/Emissions/framework.html
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Projects/Emissions/vgas_fsheet.html
http://www.brukeroptics.com/ftir/opag-volcano.html
http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Products/Pglossary/VolcGas.html
http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/vwdocs/Parks/hawaii/hazards/gas.html
http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Hazards/What/VolGas/volgas.html
http://www.geog.uu.nl/fg/volcanoes.html
volcanic hazards
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Vhp/framework.html
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Glossary/framework.html
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Publications/hazards_reports.html
http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Hazards/What/hazards.html
http://www.dartmouth.edu/~volcano/EvI.html
http://denali.gsfc.nasa.gov/research/volc2/volc_top.html
volcanic landforms
http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/vwdocs/vwlessons/landforms/introduction.html
http://www.uwsp.edu/geo/faculty/ritter/geog101/textbook/volcanic_landforms/outline.html
volcanic lightning
http://www.earlham.edu/~kellyam/volcaniclightning.htm
http://www.volcanoworld.org/vwdocs/current_volcs/krakatau/krakatau.html
http://hakone.eri.u-tokyo.ac.jp/unzen/sakura/sakura.html
http://www.volcanolive.com/lightning.html
http://volcanology.geol.ucsb.edu/lightnin.htm
volcanic necks
http://www.wildhorizons.com/samplepg2.html
http://geoweb.tamu.edu/faculty/herbert/bigbend/ig/int3.html
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/LivingWith/VolcanicPast/Notes/volcanic_pipe.html
http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Geo/Geo101/SHIPROK.JPG
http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Geo/Geo101/SHIPROK2.JPG
http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Geo/Geo101/SHIPROK1.JPG
http://www.er.uqam.ca/nobel/k20322/photoneck.html
http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/academic/gg/geo_html/rockspindle/rsvolcanicneck.html
http://www.uwsp.edu/geo/faculty/ritter/glossary/v_z/volcanic_neck.html
http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/volc/structures.html
volcanic rocks
http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/vwdocs/vwlessons/chemical.html
http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/vwdocs/vwlessons/volcanic_rocks.html
http://www.gc.maricopa.edu/earthsci/imagearchive/volcanics1.htm
volcanic terminology
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Glossary/volcano_terminology.html
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Glossary/framework.html
http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Products/Pglossary/pglossary.html
http://volcano.und.edu/vwdocs/glossary.html
volcanic links
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/LivingWith/VisitVolcano/framework.html
http://www.geo.mtu.edu/volcanoes/world.html
http://www.volcano.si.edu/index.cfm
http://www.usgs.gov/themes/volcano.html
http://www.volcanolive.com/contents.html
http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/vwdocs/site_index.html ***
