

continental drift
Glossopteris
Gondwanaland (the southern continents joined together) (fig. 3.4)
Alfred Wegener (1915)
Pangaea (fig. 3.3)
matchups: continental outlines, faults, volcanic deposits, ore deposits,
mountain ranges, etc.
Alexander du Toit (1937)
glacial evidence (fig. 3.5)
fossil evidence (fig. 3.6)
flaw: missing mechanism for moving the continents
paleomagnetism
magnetite-Curie point (tied to magnetism)
polar wandering
magnetic reversals-Harry Hess (1963)-seafloor spreading (fig. 3.10)
thermal convection cells
magnetic anomalies (fig. 3.11 and fig. 3.12)
plate boundaries (fig. 3.13)
maximum movement about 17 cm/yr (7 inches/yr)
crustal plates: continental crust and oceanic crust
lithosphere over the asthenosphere (soft and hot)
divergent boundaries
spreading ridges (ex. Mid-Atlantic ridge)
rift valley
pillow lavas
Figure 3.15
East African rift (fig. 3.16)
convergent boundaries
subduction, subduction zone, subducted plate
ocean-ocean plate boundary-trench, volcanic island arc (fig. 3.18)
ocean-continental plate boundary-trench, andesitic volcanoes (fig. 3.19)
continental-continental plate boundary-mountain building
transform boundaries
transform faults-San Andreas fault (fig. 3.23)
hot spots-mantle plumes-Hawaii & Yellowstone National Park
convection (fig.3.26)
terranes
plate tectonics related to animal diversity