-are earthquakes that occur
just after an earthquake and are structurally related to
the main earthquake.
-aftershocks
animal behavior
-It has been often noted
that many species of animals behave strangely just prior to a major
earthquake.
Studies are being conducted to see if this phenomenon can be used as a reliable
method of predicting earthquakes. -animal
behavior
Benioff zone
-is the earthquake zone
associated with a subduction zone. -Benioff
zone
Circum Pacific belt
-is the collection of
earthquake epicenters that encircle the Pacific ocean.
compression wave
-is a seismic wave in which
particles oscillate back and forth in the same direction as the
propagation of
the wave.
In seismology, this wave is the faster of the two seismic waves and
so it
is called the Primary wave or P-wave.
earthquake
-is a sudden release of
energy underground usually associated with fault or magma movement.
-Just prior to some large
earthquakes, lights have been seen coming out of the ground.
This type of light
is probably created by the breaking of chemical bonds of minerals as the ground
is being stressed.
earthquake occurrence
pattern
-is one of the ways of
predicting earthquakes is to study the rate of occurrence of earthquakes
along a
particular fault; if a pattern is detected in the sequence of earthquakes, a
prediction might
be made as to
when another earthquake might occur.
-is the point below the
surface of the earth where an earthquake wave originates. -focus and
epicenter
foreshock
-is a small earthquake that
precedes a larger earthquake in the same area.
Mercalli scale
-is a system of numerical values, expressed in Roman
numerals, that indicates the degree of
surface damage
caused by an earthquake. -Mercalli
scale
New Madrid, Missouri
earthquakes
-are a series of major
earthquakes that occurred in 1811 to 1812 in the extreme southeastern corner
of
Missouri at the northern end of the Mississippi Embayment.
P-wave (Primary Seismic
Wave)
-is a seismic compression
wave, so named because it travels faster and thus arrives earlier than the
S-wave. -P and S
waves
Richter scale
-is a numerical value in
decimal form that is a rating of the amount of energy released by an
earthquake. Richter Scale-
equivalent energies (Wikipedia)
San Francisco earthquake
-In 1906 a large movement
along the San Andreas Fault in California produced a major earthquake
that
destroyed most of San Francisco.
seismic sea wave
-is the correct term to use
in referring to large ocean waves created by earthquakes. Earlier terms
applied
to
these waves were tidal waves and tsunamis.
seismograph
-is a device that records
an earthquake.
seismogram
-is a record of an
earthquake produced by a seismograph.
-seismogram
seismologist
-is a scientist who studies
earthquakes.
seismology
-is the science of studying
earthquakes.
seismometer
-is a device that detects
earthquakes.
shear wave
-is a seismic wave in which
particles oscillate at right angles to the direction of propagation of the
wave.
In seismology, this slower moving wave is known as the Secondary wave or
S-wave.
surface wave
-is a seismic wave that
travels along the surface of the Earth; it resembles an ocean wave, but it
is
moving
through sediments.
S-wave (Secondary
Seismic Wave)
-is a seismic wave in which
the motion of disturbed particles is at right angles to the direction of
propagation
of the wave; a shear wave. This type of wave is called a secondary
wave because it
travels slower than a P-wave
and so arrives second.
-The time of travel of P
and S seismic waves waves is plotted versus distance. Using this graph,
the
difference in
arrival times between the P-wave and the S-wave can be used to
calculate the
distance from the focus of the
earthquake to the seismograph.
tsunami
-is the Japanese word for
seismic sea wave. Tsunami actually means harbor wave.
Chapter 15-Earthquakes