Chapter 4-Volcanoes and Plutons

linked student papers
volcanism
          Yellowstone Caldera- Jerry Stroupe  (Spring 2007)
          Mount Rainier: An Active Volcano in Wait-
                        Angelina McKee  (Spring 2006)
          Remarkable Mt. St. Helens- Carol Baker  (Spring 2006)
          Mount Vesuvius, Italy- Michelle Sciarrone  (Fall 2005)                               
          Mount Vesuvius, Italy- Crystal Crow  (Fall 2005)
          When the World Ended- the Eruption of Thera
                         Mark Nobles  (Fall 2007)
          The Eruption of Santorini-
                         Latina Williams  (Spring 2007)
          Crater Lake, Oregon- Jennifer Jacobs  (Fall 2005)
          Composite, Cinder Cone, and Shield Volcanoes-
                         Elizabeth Light  (Fall 2007)
          Long Valley Caldera, California-
                        Jonathan McCracken  (Fall 2007)
          A View of the Chiricahua Mountains: From the Air-
                        Charles Garrett  (Spring 2006)
          Hiking in the Chiricahua National Monument, Arizona-
                        Vivian Lewis  (Fall 2005)
          Mount Erebus and Her Crystals (Antarctica)-
                        Kimberly Stineburg (Spring 2008)
          Pillow Lavas- Crystal Crow  (Spring 2006)
          San Francisco Peaks-Flagstaff, Arizona-
                        David Berlin  (Spring 2005)

VOCABULARY

Weller's Spaghetti Theory of Magma:
   spaghetti- silica chains (makes magma viscous)
   meatballs- cations (makes magma fluid)
                       Ca, Mg, Fe, Al, K, Na, etc.
   sauces- dissolved gases (makes magma fluid)
                       carbon dioxide, steam, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, hydrochloric acid, chlorine, hydrofluoric acid, fluorine, etc.

dissolved gases

viscosity

temperature:
  red hot- 600 degrees Celsius
  yellow hot- 1100 degrees Celsius

pahoehoe vs aa lava

pillow lavas

volcanic ash

welded tuff

pumice

lapilli

scoria

cinders

volcanic bomb

crater

vent

caldera

parasitic cone

fumarole

volcanic neck

volcanic dome

BASALTIC VOLCANISM
shield volcano
  Mauna Loa, Hawaii
  Galapagos islands
  Olympus Mons- Mars

cinder cone
   Sunset Crater, Arizona
  San Bernardino Valley, Cochise County, Arizona
  Paricutin, Mexico
  Mt. Capulin, New Mexico

flood basalts
  Snake River, Columbia Plateau (Oreida potatoes)
  Deccan basalts, India
  Lunar Maria

maar
  Crater Elegante, Pinacates, Mexico
  Paramore Crater, Cochise County, Arizona

INTERMEDIATE VOLCANISM
composite cone (strato volcano)
  Mt. Fujiyama, Japan
  Kilimanjaro, Africa
  Andes, South America
  Vesuvius, Italy
  Cascades- Mt.Shasta, Mt.St.Helens, Lassen Peak, Mt.Rainier, etc.

SILICIC VOLCANISM
resurgent caldera
glowing cloud eruption = ignimbrite eruption = nuees ardentes
  Valles caldera, Los Alamos, New Mexico
  Turkey Creek caldera, Chiricahuas, Cochise County, Arizona
  Long Valley caldera, Mammoth Lakes, California
  Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming
  Colorado gold areas- Ouray, Silverton, Telluride, etc.

subduction zone volcanism
  island arcs

spreading center volcanism

PLUTONS
discordant plutons
  dike
concordant plutons
  sill
  laccolith

 batholith

 stock

 pipe

 xenoliths (inclusions)

 schlieren

 chill zone (contact zone)

 country rock